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JURASSIC ARK – ROCK LAYERS FORM FAST – LINEAR STRATA MACHINE REPORT 13 © Copyright John Mackay 15th March 2022.
Comments and questions welcome to jbmackay@live.com.au
The Lord has blessed our Strata experiments with some fantastic results which have added a whole new dimension to the role layered (or laminated) water plays in how sedimentary layers actually form in a flood current. Picture A (left) is a rear view of our machine which has water and sediment flowing in the direction of white arrow.
Picture B shows a phenomenon we occasionally observe with turbulent water flowing across a surface. Flow direction shown with white arrow b1. We do not yet know why some water flow commences this turbulent pattern.
b2 also shows the existence of ‘cross bedding’ laminae at 30-45 degrees to the horizontal from sediment laid down at the front of an advancing flow.
Picture C shows clay-colored water rushing smoothly over the top of the dark layer, yet showing layers or laminae (c1) in the water when it is moving. C also shows waters ability to form small irregular dunes across a flat surface (c2,3). Notice also the angled layers c4, outlined by large and small dark particles, (red and yellow arrows) which were deposited at roughly 50-60 degrees to the horizon. c5 shows horizontal layers forming, within which the particles grade from largest at the bottom to finest at the top.
D Is an aerial view of turbulent flow showing dune formation is semi-regular with flow direction shown by white arrow (d1).
E shows another phenomena we have observed in turbulent flow (e1) – its ability to form dunes as well as flat beds. Dunes occur in ‘lumps’ (e2), yet within the dune, lamination is horizontal (e3). As the sediment layer deposits inclined beds (normally labeled cross bedding (e6) At the same time dark and light horizontal beds form (e5) in the graded bedding (e4) i.e. the different bed types cross one another (angled and horizontal). We have labeled this phenomenon CHIASTIC FLOW (e7), from ‘chiastic’ meaning to ‘cross over’.
SUMMARY As water flows, layers (or laminae) form horizontally as the beds advance in the direction of flow. Within these beds ‘cross-beds’ simultaneously form at 50-60 degrees to the horizontal edges of the advancing bed. Within the bed, particles grade upward in size from largest at the bottom to finest at the top*, while the advancing front also forms horizontal bedding within the main bed. These separate directional beds (the horizontal and the inclined) are simultaneously deposited at angles to one another and form another example of the phenomena we have labeled CHIASTIC FLOW.
*Note graded bedding seems more size determined than density related, as dark particles are heavy mineral sand (density 4-5), while lighter particles are quartz (density 2.7)
We have put additional photographic reports of CHIASTIC FLOW on our web showing circumstances when multiple layers are forming across each other at different angles within the one flow of water at the same time. See www.cr.ss1.au experiments 10 and 11. The vital importance of this research in defeating false beliefs that rocks and fossils formed millions of years ago, can not be understated. We need your financial support now.
YOUR FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF OUR RESEARCH IS GREATLY APPRECIATED. GIVE VIA PAYPAL, PIN PAYMENTS OR BANK TRANSFER (tax deductible USA and UK) DONATE NOW
TO VIEW all strata reports from 2015 to the present click R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13
